Biology JAMB Syllabus 2025 PDF Download

Biology JAMB Syllabus 2025 PDF Download: The Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board (JAMB) Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME) Biology syllabus is an important guide for candidates preparing for the exam.

Biology is a major science subject in JAMB, particularly for students pursuing careers in medicine, nursing, pharmacy, agriculture, and other life sciences.

The exam tests candidates on fundamental biological concepts, their applications, and their relevance to real-world situations.

Importance of Understanding the Syllabus

A clear understanding of the JAMB Biology syllabus is essential for effective exam preparation. The syllabus outlines all the topics that JAMB will test, helping students focus on what is important rather than studying unnecessary materials. By following the syllabus, candidates can:

• Identify key topics and subtopics.
• Allocate study time efficiently.
• Practice past questions related to each topic.
• Improve their chances of scoring high in the Biology section.

Key Objectives of the Syllabus

The JAMB Biology syllabus is designed to:

1. Assess candidates knowledge of biological concepts and principles.
2. Evaluate their ability to apply biological knowledge to everyday life.
3. Test their understanding of the unity, interdependence, and diversity of life forms.
4. Examine their grasp of heredity, inheritance, and evolutionary processes.
5. Develop critical thinking skills in relation to biological problems.

Who Should Use This Syllabus?

The JAMB Biology syllabus is an essential resource for:

• JAMB Candidates – To focus their studies on the right topics and improve performance.
• Teachers & Tutors – To guide students effectively and ensure they cover all required areas.
• Exam Coaches – To prepare students with structured lessons based on JAMB requirements.
• Parents & Guardians – To monitor and support their children’s exam preparation.

General Objectives of the Biology JAMB Syllabus 2025

The JAMB Biology syllabus aims to equip students with a strong foundation in biological sciences. Below are the key learning objectives:

1. Understanding Diversity, Interdependence, and Unity of Life

Biology explains the vast diversity of living organisms and how they interact with one another and their environment. Students will learn about different life forms, from microscopic bacteria to complex multicellular organisms, and how they coexist in ecosystems.

2. The Role of Heredity and Evolution

Heredity explains how genetic traits are passed from parents to offspring, while evolution describes how species change over time. This syllabus ensures that students understand the principles of inheritance, the function of DNA, and how species adapt to their environments through natural selection.

3. Application of Biological Principles to Everyday Life

Biology is not just a subject; it plays a crucial role in daily life. The syllabus teaches students how biological principles apply to health, agriculture, environmental conservation, and technology. This knowledge is useful in solving real world problems, such as disease prevention, food production, and biodiversity conservation.

Biology JAMB Syllabus 2025

The JAMB Biology syllabus covers various aspects of life sciences, from the diversity of organisms to the principles of heredity and evolution. Below is a structured breakdown of the topics students need to study for the 2025 UTME.

A. Variety of Organisms

This section introduces students to the diversity of living organisms, their structures, and how they have evolved over time.

1. Characteristics of Living Organisms

• Differences between living and non-living things.
• Key characteristics of life: movement, respiration, nutrition, growth, excretion, reproduction, irritability, and adaptation.

2. Cell Structure and Functions

• Plant and animal cells: similarities and differences.
• Functions of cell components (nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes, etc.).
• Levels of organization: cell → tissue → organ → system → organism.

3. Evolution and Classification of Organisms

The five kingdoms of life:

• Monera (Prokaryotes): Bacteria and blue-green algae.
• Protista: Amoeba, Euglena, and Paramecium.
• Fungi: Mushroom, Rhizopus, yeast.
• Plantae: Thallophyta (algae), Bryophyta (mosses), Pteridophyta (ferns), Spermatophyta (seed plants).
• Animalia: Invertebrates (e.g., arthropods, mollusks) and vertebrates (e.g., fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals).

4. Adaptations of Organisms to Their Environment

• Structural, functional, and behavioral adaptations.
• Adaptations for feeding, reproduction, movement, and defense.

B. Form and Functions

This section explores the internal structures of living organisms and how their biological systems function.

1. Internal Structure of Organisms (Plants & Animals)

• Plants: Internal structure of roots, stems, and leaves.
• Animals: Internal anatomy of mammals (digestive, excretory, circulatory systems).

2. Nutrition

Types of Nutrition:

• Autotrophic (photosynthesis, chemosynthesis).
• Heterotrophic (holozoic, parasitic, saprophytic, carnivorous plants).
• Food Tests: Starch, proteins, reducing sugars, fats.
• Balanced Diet: Nutritional importance of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals.

3. Transport Systems

• In Animals: Circulatory system (heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, blood components).
• In Plants: Xylem (water transport) and phloem (food transport).

4. Respiration

• Aerobic Respiration: Energy production in cells using oxygen.
• Anaerobic Respiration: Fermentation in yeast and muscle fatigue in humans.

5. Excretion

• In Animals: Kidneys, lungs, skin, liver.
• In Plants: Excretory products (oxygen, carbon dioxide, resins, gums).

6. Support and Movement

• In Plants: Supporting tissues (collenchyma, sclerenchyma, xylem).
• In Animals: Skeleton types (exoskeleton, endoskeleton), types of joints, functions of bones.

7. Reproduction

• Asexual Reproduction: Fission, budding, vegetative propagation.
• Sexual Reproduction: Pollination, fertilization, gamete formation.
• Embryo Development: Pregnancy stages in mammals.

8. Growth & Development

• Germination of seeds (epigeal vs. hypogeal).
• Factors affecting growth (temperature, water, nutrients).

9. Coordination & Control

• Nervous System: Central and peripheral nervous systems, reflex actions.
• Endocrine System: Hormones and their roles in homeostasis.

C. Ecology

Ecology examines the relationships between organisms and their environment.

1. Ecosystem & Energy Flow

• Components of an ecosystem (biotic and abiotic factors).
• Food chains and food webs.
• Nutrient cycles (carbon, nitrogen, water).

2. Population Studies

• Factors affecting population size (birth rate, death rate, migration).
• Intraspecific and interspecific competition.

3. Conservation & Environmental Management

• Pollution: Sources, effects, and control measures.
• Diseases: Common diseases (malaria, tuberculosis, cholera, STDs).
• Natural Resource Conservation: Game reserves, afforestation, soil conservation.

D. Heredity & Variation

This section covers genetics, inheritance, and variations in living organisms.

1. Differences Between Continuous and Discontinuous Variation

• Continuous Variation: Height, weight, skin color.
• Discontinuous Variation: Blood groups, ability to roll the tongue.

2. Genetic Inheritance and Probability in Genetics

• Mendelian laws of inheritance (dominant and recessive traits).
• Sex determination (XX, XY chromosomes).

3. Applications in Medicine and Agriculture

• Genetic counseling (e.g., sickle cell disease, hemophilia).
• Selective breeding in plants and animals.

E. Evolution

The concept of evolution explains how organisms have changed over time.

1. Theories of Evolution

• Lamarcks Theory: Use and disuse of organs.
• Darwins Theory: Natural selection and survival of the fittest.

2. Evidence of Evolution and Modern Discoveries

• Fossil Records: Study of ancient organisms.
• Comparative Anatomy & Embryology: Similarities among species.
• Genetic Studies: Role of mutations and DNA sequencing in evolution.

How to Use This Syllabus Effectively

To Pass JAMB Biology, candidates must not only study hard but also study smart. Below are proven strategies to maximize the syllabus for effective preparation.

1. Recommended Study Plan

A well structured study plan helps in covering all syllabus topics before the exam. Here is a suggested timetable:

• Week 1-2: Study Variety of Organisms – Characteristics of living things, cell structure, classification, and adaptations.
• Week 3-4: Focus on Form and Functions – Internal structures, nutrition, respiration, and reproduction.
• Week 5-6: Cover Ecology – Ecosystems, energy flow, population studies, and conservation.
• Week 7-8: Study Heredity and Evolution – Variation, genetics, and evolutionary theories.
• Week 9-10: Revise key topics, practice past questions, and take mock tests.

Daily Routine:

• Dedicate 2-3 hours daily to studying Biology.
• Revise previous topics before moving to new ones.
• Take short breaks to improve retention.
• Use flashcards and summary notes for quick recall.

2. Recommended Textbooks for JAMB Biology and Resources

JAMB recommends several textbooks to help students understand Biology concepts in-depth. Some of the best include:

Recommended Biology Textbooks:

1. Senior Secondary School Biology – Ndu, Abun & Aina.
2. Essential Biology for Senior Secondary Schools – Micheal M.C.
3. Modern Biology – Ramalingam S.T.
4. Biology for West African Schools – Stone R.H. & Cozens, A.B.C.
5. College Biology – Idodo-Umeh G.

Other Learning Resources:

• JAMB Official Syllabus & Brochure – Available on www.jamb.gov.ng.
• Online Biology Tutorials – YouTube channels like Akahi Tutors, Simplified Biology, etc.
• JAMB CBT Apps & Websites – Myschool.ng, Flashlearners, and Pass.ng for online practice.

3. Past Questions and Practice Tests

Practicing past questions is one of the best ways to prepare for JAMB Biology. It helps candidates:

• Identify common exam patterns and frequently tested topics.
• Improve time management during the exam.
• Boost confidence and reduce exam anxiety.

How to Practice Effectively:

• Solve at least 5-10 years of past questions.
• Use JAMB CBT Apps to simulate real exam conditions.
• Review incorrect answers and understand why they are wrong.
• Join study groups to discuss difficult topics.

4. Practical Tips for Scoring High in JAMB Biology

Maximizing your score in JAMB Biology requires smart exam techniques and consistent practice.

Exam Day Tips:

• Understand the Question Format: JAMB Biology consists of 40 multiple-choice questions, testing theoretical and practical knowledge.
• Manage Time Wisely: Answer easier questions first, then tackle tougher ones.
• Use the Elimination Method: If unsure of an answer, eliminate incorrect options to improve your chances of guessing correctly.
• Avoid Negative Marking: If completely unsure, make an educated guess rather than leaving the question blank.

Revision Strategies Before the Exam:

• Create Summary Notes: Use bullet points, mind maps, and acronyms for quick revision.
• Engage in Active Learning: Teach someone else or discuss topics with study partners.
• Take Timed Mock Tests: Simulate real exam conditions to improve speed and accuracyaccuracy

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Conclusion

Preparing for JAMB Biology requires consistency, dedication, and the right study approach. Don’t just memorize facts, understand concepts and apply them. Keep practicing, believe in yourself, and stay positive. With the right preparation, you can score high and secure admission into your desired university!

Best of luck in your JAMB exams!